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In 2003, the then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu in southern India, Jayaram Jayalalithaa, gave a speech about the “silent revolution” of the empowerment of Indian women. But 15 years on, regrettably, the promises of that revolution do not seem to have been fulfilled. Thanks to the various programs set up to champion women’s empowerment (involving local NGOs, public programs, and international support), women are now more prominent in certain public spaces and are able to play a genuine advocacy role with regard to the public authorities. Girls education has also significantly improved. But it has not brought about improved employment opportunities. Women are in fact losing out on paid employment (as is the case in India as a whole). They are also heavily indebted (not only from microcredit, but also informal lending and lending from private financial companies). Their indebtedness is disproportionate to their income, and compared to men. Moreover, women almost exclusively put debt toward the social reproduction of families. Reduced opportunities for paid employment and massive debt have hit Dalit women particularly hard. The analyses of this chapter use data collected over more than a decade in a rural area of Tamil Nadu, drawing together ethnography and quantitative data, including panel data (2010–2016). They shed light on the complexity of social change, intertwining forms of domination (here, caste, and gender), and the ambiguous qualities of so-called empowerment programs, whose impacts have been various and unexpected.

This paper deals with the problem of magnetization identification. We consider a ferromagnetic body placed in an inductor field. The goal of this work is, from static magnetic field measurements taken around the device, to obtain an accurate model of its magnetization. This inverse problem is usually ill‐posed and its solution is non‐unique. It is then necessary to use mathematical regularization. However, we prefer to transform it to a better posed one by incorporating our physical knowledge of the problem. Our approach is tested on the magnetization's identification of a real ferromagnetic sheet.

This paper presents a method to improve inverse problem resolution. This method focuses on the measurement set and particularly on sensor position. Based on experiment, it aims at finding sensor position criteria to insure the least bad inverse problem solving.

The studied device is a magnetized steel sheet measured by four sensors. Three optimization techniques are compared: condition number, solid angle and signature optimization.

An efficient criterion to compare the inverse problem resolution quality is presented. The comparison of optimization techniques shows that only signature optimization gives accurate results.

A relative simple case is studied in this paper: only four sensors are used to measure a steel sheet. Moreover magnetostatic low‐field case is supposed. Nevertheless techniques presented could be applied to more complex studies. Condition number and solid angle optimizations techniques should be tested with more sensors to confirm or infirm their inefficiency.

This paper presents the first step of a larger study concerning ships for naval application. The aim is to predict magnetic anomaly created by ship to compensate it. This anomaly could be computed through the resolution of an inverse problem based on internal measurements. The signature optimization technique could be used to find the optimal sensor location onboard.

Traditional regularization techniques are focusing on adding mathematical or physical information to the system in order to improve it. This paper provides another approach to improve inverse problem resolution through measurement set. It shows that sensor position optimization should be efficient.

The following list is a first attempt to catalogue and describe systematically the British Museum's extensive holdings of early opera librettos and related plays. The great importance of these unpretentious booklets as supplementary and, more often than not, even primary sources for the history and bibliography of dramatic music, besides or instead of the scores, was already clearly recognized in the eighteenth century by Dr. Burney and other scholars. But it is only since 1914, the year in which O. G. T. Sonneck's Library of Congress Catalogue of opera librettos printed before 1800 appeared, that their documentary value could to any greater extent be put to general use in international musicological research. A similar bibliography of the British Museum librettos, while naturally duplicating many Washington entries, would produce a great number of additional tides, not a few of them otherwise unrecorded; it would provide the musical scholar with the key to a collection unequalled elsewhere in Europe, which owing to the peculiar nature of the material is not easily accessible by means of the General Catalogue.